dhammapada-aṭṭhakathā

(paṭhamo bhāgo)

7. arahantavaggo

2. mahākassapattheravatthu

uyyuñjantīti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā veḷuvane viharanto mahākassapattheraṃ ārabbha kathesi.

ekasmiñhi samaye satthā rājagahe vuṭṭhavasso “addhamāsaccayena cārikaṃ pakkamissāmī”ti bhikkhūnaṃ ārocāpesi. vattaṃ kiretaṃ buddhānaṃ bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ caritukāmānaṃ “evaṃ bhikkhū attano pattapacanacīvararajanādīni katvā sukhaṃ gamissantī”ti “idāni addhamāsaccayena cārikaṃ pakkamissāmī”ti bhikkhūnaṃ ārocāpanaṃ. bhikkhūsu pana attano pattacīvarādīni karontesu mahākassapattheropi cīvarāni dhovi. bhikkhū ujjhāyiṃsu “thero kasmā cīvarāni dhovati, imasmiṃ nagare anto ca bahi ca aṭṭhārasa manussakoṭiyo vasanti . tattha ye therassa na ñātakā, te upaṭṭhākā, ye na upaṭṭhākā, te ñātakā. te therassa catūhi paccayehi sammānasakkāraṃ karonti. ettakaṃ upakāraṃ pahāya esa kahaṃ gamissati? sacepi gaccheyya, māpamādakandarato paraṃ na gamissatī”ti. satthā kira yaṃ kandaraṃ patvā nivattetabbayuttake bhikkhū “tumhe ito nivattatha, mā pamajjitthā”ti vadati. taṃ “māpamādakandaran”ti vuccati, taṃ sandhāyetaṃ vuttaṃ.

satthāpi cārikaṃ pakkamanto cintesi — “imasmiṃ nagare anto ca bahi ca aṭṭhārasa manussakoṭiyo vasanti. manussānaṃ maṅgalāmaṅgalaṭṭhānesu bhikkhūhi gantabbaṃ hoti, na sakkā vihāraṃ tucchaṃ kātuṃ, kaṃ nu kho nivattessāmī”ti? athassa etadahosi --“kassapassa hete manussā ñātakā ca upaṭṭhākā ca, kassapaṃ nivattetuṃ vaṭṭatī”ti. so theraṃ āha — “kassapa, na sakkā vihāraṃ tucchaṃ kātuṃ, manussānaṃ maṅgalāmaṅgalaṭṭhānesu bhikkhūhi attho hoti, tvaṃ attano parisāya saddhiṃ nivattassū”ti. “sādhu, bhante”ti thero parisaṃ ādāya nivatti. bhikkhū upajjhāyiṃsu “diṭṭhaṃ vo, āvuso, nanu idāneva amhehi vuttaṃ ‘mahākassapo kasmā cīvarāni dhovati, na eso satthārā saddhiṃ gamissatī’ti, yaṃ amhehi vuttaṃ, tadeva jātan”ti. satthā bhikkhūnaṃ kathaṃ sutvā nivattitvā ṭhito āha — “bhikkhave, kiṃ nāmetaṃ kathethā”ti? “mahākassapattheraṃ ārabbha kathema, bhante”ti attanā kathitaniyāmeneva sabbaṃ ārocesuṃ. taṃ sutvā satthā “na, bhikkhave, tumhe kassapaṃ ‘kulesu ca paccayesu ca laggo’ti vadetha, so ‘mama vacanaṃ karissāmī’ti nivatto. eso hi pubbe patthanaṃ karontoyeva ‘catūsu paccayesu alaggo candūpamo hutvā kulāni upasaṅkamituṃ samattho bhaveyyan’ti patthanaṃ akāsi. natthetassa kule vā paccaye vā laggo, ahaṃ candopamappaṭipadañceva (saṃ. ni. 2.146) ariyavaṃsappaṭipadañca kathento mama puttaṃ kassapaṃ ādiṃ katvā kathesin”ti āha.

bhikkhū satthāraṃ pucchiṃsu — “bhante, kadā pana therena patthanā ṭhapitā”ti? “sotukāmāttha, bhikkhave”ti? “āma, bhante”ti. satthā tesaṃ, “bhikkhave, ito kappasatasahassamatthake padumuttaro nāma buddho loke udapādī”ti vatvā padumuttarapādamūle tena ṭhapitapatthanaṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbaṃ therassa pubbacaritaṃ kathesi. taṃ therapāḷiyaṃ (theragā. 1054 ādayo) vitthāritameva. satthā pana imaṃ therassa pubbacaritaṃ vitthāretvā “iti kho, bhikkhave, ahaṃ candopamappaṭipadañceva ariyavaṃsappaṭipadañca mama puttaṃ kassapaṃ ādiṃ katvā kathesiṃ, mama puttassa kassapassa paccayesu vā kulesu vā vihāresu vā pariveṇesu vā laggo nāma natthi, pallale otaritvā tattha caritvā gacchanto rājahaṃso viya katthaci alaggoyeva mama putto”ti anusandhiṃ ghaṭetvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha —

91.

“uyyuñjanti satīmanto, na nikete ramanti te.

haṃsāva pallalaṃ hitvā, okamokaṃ jahanti te”ti.

tattha uyyuñjanti satīmantoti sativepullappattā khīṇāsavā attanā paṭividdhaguṇesu jhānavipassanādīsu āvajjanasamāpajjanavuṭṭhānādhiṭṭhānapaccavekkhaṇāhi yuñjanti ghaṭenti. na nikete ramanti teti tesaṃ ālaye rati nāma natthi. haṃsāvāti desanāsīsametaṃ, ayaṃ panettha attho — yathā gocarasampanne pallale sakuṇā attano gocaraṃ gahetvā gamanakāle “mama udakaṃ, mama padumaṃ, mama uppalaṃ, mama kaṇṇikā”ti tasmiṃ ṭhāne kañci ālayaṃ akatvā anapekkhāva taṃ ṭhānaṃ pahāya uppatitvā ākāse kīḷamānā gacchanti; evamevaṃ khīṇāsavā yattha katthaci viharantāpi kulādīsu alaggā eva viharitvā gamanasamayepi taṃ ṭhānaṃ pahāya gacchantā “mama vihāro, mama pariveṇaṃ, mamūpaṭṭhākā”ti anālayā anupekkhāva gacchanti. okamokanti ālayālayaṃ, sabbālaye pariccajantīti attho.

desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.

mahākassapattheravatthu dutiyaṃ.