dhammapada-aṭṭhakathā

(paṭhamo bhāgo)

4. pupphavaggo

5. macchariyakosiyaseṭṭhivatthu

yathāpi bhamaro pupphanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā sāvatthiyaṃ viharanto macchariyakosiyaseṭṭhiṃ ārabbha kathesi. tassa vatthu rājagahe samuṭṭhitaṃ.

rājagahanagarassa kira avidūre sakkāraṃ nāma nigamo ahosi. tattheko macchariyakosiyo nāma seṭṭhi asītikoṭivibhavo paṭivasati. so tiṇaggena telabindumpi paresaṃ na deti, na attanā paribhuñjati. itissa taṃ vibhavajātaṃ neva puttadārādīnaṃ, na samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ atthaṃ anubhoti, rakkhasapariggahitā pokkharaṇī viya aparibhogaṃ tiṭṭhati. satthā ekadivasaṃ paccūsasamaye mahākaruṇāsamāpattito vuṭṭhāya sakalalokadhātuyaṃ bodhaneyyabandhave olokento pañcacattālīsayojanamatthake vasantassa seṭṭhino sapajāpatikassa sotāpattiphalassa upanissayaṃ addasa. tato purimadivase pana so rājānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ rājagehaṃ gantvā rājūpaṭṭhānaṃ katvā āgacchanto ekaṃ chātajjhattaṃ janapadamanussaṃ kummāsapūraṃ kapallakapūvaṃ khādantaṃ disvā tattha pipāsaṃ uppādetvā attano gharaṃ gantvā cintesi — “sacāhaṃ kapallakapūvaṃ khāditukāmomhīti vakkhāmi, bahū manussā mayā saddhiṃ khāditukāmā bhavissanti, evaṃ me bahūni tilataṇḍulasappiphāṇitādīni parikkhayaṃ gamissanti, na kassaci kathessāmī”ti taṇhaṃ adhivāsento carati. so gacchante gacchante kāle uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajāto dhamanisanthatagatto jāto. tato taṇhaṃ adhivāsetuṃ asakkonto gabbhaṃ pavisitvā mañcake upagūhitvā nipajji. evaṃ gatopi dhanahānibhayena na kassaci kiñci kathesi.

atha naṃ bhariyā upasaṅkamitvā piṭṭhiṃ parimajjitvā, “kiṃ te, sāmi, aphāsukaṃ jātan”ti pucchi. “na me kiñci aphāsukaṃ atthī”ti. “kiṃ nu kho te rājā kupito”ti? “rājāpi me na kuppatī”ti. “atha kiṃ te puttadhītāhi vā dāsakammakarādīhi vā kiñci amanāpaṃ kataṃ atthī”ti? “evarūpampi natthī”ti. “kismiñci pana te taṇhā atthī”ti? evaṃ vuttepi dhanahānibhayena kiñci avatvā nissaddova nipajji, atha naṃ bhariyā “kathehi, sāmi kismiñci te taṇhā atthī”ti āha. so vacanaṃ parigilanto viya “atthi me taṇhā”ti āha. “kiṃ taṇhā, sāmī”ti? “kapallakapūvaṃ khāditukāmomhī”ti. “atha kimatthaṃ me na kathesi, kiṃ tvaṃ daliddosi, idāni sakalanigamavāsīnaṃ pahonake kapallakapūve pacissāmī”ti. “kiṃ te etehi, attano kammaṃ katvā khādissantī”ti? “tena hi ekaracchavāsīnaṃ pahonake pacissāmī”ti. “jānāmahaṃ tava mahaddhanabhāvan”ti. “imasmiṃ gehasāmante sabbesaṃ pahonakaṃ katvā pacāmī”ti. “jānāmahaṃ tava mahajjhāsayabhāvan”ti. “tena hi te puttadāramattasseva pahonakaṃ katvā pacāmī”ti. “kiṃ te etehī”ti? “kiṃ pana tuyhañca mayhañca pahonakaṃ katvā pacāmī”ti? “tvaṃ kiṃ karissasī”ti ? “tena hi ekakasseva te pahonakaṃ katvā pacāmī”ti. “imasmiṃ ṭhāne pacamāne bahū paccāsīsanti. sakalataṇḍule ṭhapetvā bhinnataṇḍule ca uddhanakapallāni ca ādāya thokaṃ khīrasappimadhuphāṇitañca gahetvā sattabhūmikassa pāsādassa uparimatalaṃ āruyha paca, tatthāhaṃ ekakova nisīditvā khādissāmī”ti. sā “sādhū”ti paṭissuṇitvā gahetabbaṃ gāhāpetvā pāsādaṃ abhiruyha dāsiyo vissajjetvā seṭṭhiṃ pakkosāpesi, so ādito paṭṭhāya dvārāni pidahanto sabbadvāresu sūcighaṭikaṃ datvā sattamatalaṃ abhiruhitvā tatthapi dvāraṃ pidahitvā nisīdi. bhariyāpissa uddhane aggiṃ jāletvā kapallaṃ āropetvā pūve pacituṃ ārabhi.

atha satthā pātova mahāmoggallānattheraṃ āmantesi — “eso, moggallāna, rājagahassa avidūre sakkāranigame macchariyaseṭṭhi ‘kapallakapūve khādissāmī’ti aññesaṃ dassanabhayena sattabhūmike pāsāde kapallakapūve pacāpeti, tvaṃ tattha gantvā seṭṭhiṃ dametvā nibbisevanaṃ katvā ubhopi jāyampatike pūve ca khīrasappimadhuphāṇitāni ca gāhāpetvā attano balena jetavanaṃ ānehi, ajjāhaṃ pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ vihāre eva nisīdissāmi, pūveheva bhattakiccaṃ karissāmī”ti.

thero “sādhu, bhante”ti satthu vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā tāvadeva iddhibalena taṃ nigamaṃ gantvā tassa pāsādassa sīhapañjaradvāre sunivattho supāruto ākāse eva maṇirūpakaṃ viya aṭṭhāsi. mahāseṭṭhino theraṃ disvāva hadayamaṃsaṃ kampi. so ahaṃ evarūpānaṃyeva dassanabhayena imaṃ ṭhānamāgato, ayañca bhikkhu ākāsenāgantvā vātapānadvāre ṭhitoti. so gahetabbagahaṇaṃ apassanto aggimhi pakkhittaloṇasakkharā viya dosena taṭataṭāyanto evamāha — “samaṇa, ākāse ṭhatvāpi kiṃ labhissasi, ākāse apade padaṃ dassetvā caṅkamantopi neva labhissasī”ti. thero tasmiṃ eva ṭhāne aparāparaṃ caṅkami. seṭṭhi “caṅkamanto kiṃ labhissasi, ākāse pallaṅkena nisīdantopi na labhissasiyevā”ti āha. thero pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdi. atha naṃ “ākāse nisinno kiṃ labhissasi, āgantvā vātapānassa ummāre ṭhitopi na labhissasī”ti āha. thero ummāre ṭhito. “ummāre ṭhitopi kiṃ labhissasi, dhūmāyantopi na labhissasi evā”ti āha. theropi dhūmāyi. sakalapāsādo ekadhūmo ahosi. seṭṭhino akkhīnaṃ sūciyā vijjhanakālo viya ahosi, gehajjhāyanabhayena pana “tvaṃ pajjalantopi na labhissasī”ti avatvā “ayaṃ samaṇo suṭṭhu laggo, aladdhā na gamissati, ekamassa pūvaṃ dāpessāmī”ti bhariyaṃ āha — “bhadde ekaṃ khuddakapūvaṃ pacitvā samaṇassa datvā uyyojehi nan”ti. sā thokaṃ eva piṭṭhaṃ kapallapātiyaṃ pakkhipi, mahāpūvo hutvā sakalapātiṃ pūretvā uddhumāto hutvā aṭṭhāsi.

seṭṭhi taṃ disvā “bahuṃ tayā piṭṭhaṃ gahitaṃ bhavissatī”ti sayameva dabbikaṇṇena thokaṃ piṭṭhaṃ gahetvā pakkhipi, pūvo purimapūvato mahantataro jāto . evaṃ yaṃ yaṃ pacati, so so mahantamahantova hoti. so nibbinno bhariyaṃ āha — “bhadde, imassa ekaṃ pūvaṃ dehī”ti. tassā pacchito ekaṃ pūvaṃ gaṇhantiyā sabbe ekābaddhā allīyiṃsu. sā seṭṭhiṃ āha — “sāmi, sabbe pūvā ekato laggā, visuṃ kātuṃ na sakkomī”ti. “ahaṃ karissāmī”ti sopi kātuṃ nāsakkhi. ubhopi janā koṭiyaṃ gahetvā kaḍḍhantāpi viyojetuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu eva . athassa pūvehi saddhiṃ vāyamantasseva sarīrato sedā mucciṃsu, pipāsā upacchijji. tato bhariyaṃ āha — “bhadde, na me pūvehi attho, pacchiyā saddhiṃyeva imassa dehī”ti. sā pacchiṃ ādāya theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā adāsi. thero ubhinnampi dhammaṃ desesi, tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ guṇaṃ kathesi, “atthi dinnaṃ, atthi yiṭṭhan”ti dinnadānādīnaṃ phalaṃ gaganatale puṇṇacandaṃ viya dassesi.

taṃ sutvā pasannacitto hutvā seṭṭhi “bhante, āgantvā imasmiṃ pallaṅke nisīditvā paribhuñjathā”ti āha. thero, “mahāseṭṭhi, sammāsambuddho ‘pūve khādissāmī’ti pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ vihāre nisinno, tumhākaṃ ruciyā sati ahaṃ vo nessāmi, seṭṭhibhariyaṃ pūve ca khīrādīni ca gaṇhāpetha, satthu santikaṃ gamissāmā”ti āha. “kahaṃ pana, bhante, etarahi satthā”ti? “ito pañcacattālīsayojanamatthake jetavanavihāre, mahāseṭṭhī”ti. “bhante, kālaṃ anatikkamitvā ettakaṃ addhānaṃ kathaṃ gamissāmā”ti. “mahāseṭṭhi, tumhākaṃ ruciyā sati ahaṃ vo attano iddhibalena nessāmi, tumhākaṃ pāsāde sopānasīsaṃ attano ṭhāne eva bhavissati, sopānapariyosānaṃ pana vo jetavanadvārakoṭṭhake bhavissati, uparipāsādā heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ otaraṇakālamatteneva jetavanaṃ nessāmī”ti. so “sādhu, bhante”ti sampaṭicchi.

thero sopānasīsaṃ tattheva katvā “sopānapādamūlaṃ jetavanadvārakoṭṭhake hotū”ti adhiṭṭhāsi. tatheva ahosi. iti thero seṭṭhiñca seṭṭhibhariyañca uparipāsādā heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ otaraṇakālato khippataraṃ jetavanaṃ sampāpesi. te ubhopi satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā kālaṃ ārocesuṃ. satthā bhattaggaṃ pavisitvā paññattavarabuddhāsane nisīdi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena. mahāseṭṭhi buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dakkhiṇodakaṃ adāsi. bhariyāpissa tathāgatassa patte pūvaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. satthā attano yāpanamattaṃ gaṇhi, pañcasatā bhikkhūpi yāpanamattaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. seṭṭhi khīrasappimadhusakkharādīni dadamāno na khayaṃ agamāsi. satthā pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ bhattakiccaṃ niṭṭhāpesi. mahāseṭṭhipi saddhiṃ bhariyāya yāvadatthaṃ khādi. pūvānaṃ pariyosānameva na paññāyati. sakalavihāre bhikkhūnañca vighāsādānañca dinnesupi pariyanto na paññāyateva. “bhante, pūvā parikkhayaṃ na gacchantī”ti bhagavato ārocesuṃ. “tena hi jetavanadvārakoṭṭhake chaḍḍethā”ti. atha ne dvārakoṭṭhakassa avidūre pabbhāraṭṭhāne chaḍḍayiṃsu. yāvajjatanāpi taṃ ṭhānaṃ kapallakapūvapabbhāranteva paññāyati. mahāseṭṭhi saha bhariyāya bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. bhagavā anumodanamakāsi. anumodanāvasāne ubhopi sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya satthāraṃ vanditvā dvārakoṭṭhake sopānaṃ āruyha attano pāsādeyeva patiṭṭhahiṃsu.

tato paṭṭhāya seṭṭhi asītikoṭidhanaṃ buddhasāsaneyeva vikkiri. punadivase sāyanhasamaye dhammasabhāyaṃ sannisinnā bhikkhū “passathāvuso, mahāmoggallānattherassa ānubhāvaṃ, anupahacca nāma saddhaṃ, anupahacca bhoge macchariyaseṭṭhiṃ muhutteneva dametvā nibbisevanaṃ katvā pūve gāhāpetvā jetavanaṃ ānetvā satthu sammukhaṃ katvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāpesi, aho mahānubhāvo thero”ti therassa guṇaṃ kathentā nisīdiṃsu. satthā dibbāya sotadhātuyā kathaṃ sutvā āgantvā, “kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā”ti pucchitvā, “imāya nāmā”ti vutte, “bhikkhave, kuladamakena nāma bhikkhunā anupahacca saddhaṃ, anupahacca bhoge, kulaṃ akilametvā aviheṭhetvā pupphato reṇuṃ gaṇhantena bhamarena viya upasaṅkamitvā buddhaguṇaṃ jānāpetabbaṃ, tādiso mama putto moggallāno”ti theraṃ pasaṃsitvā imaṃ gāthamāha —

49.

“yathāpi bhamaro pupphaṃ, vaṇṇagandhamaheṭhayaṃ.

paleti rasamādāya, evaṃ gāme munī care”ti.

tattha bhamaroti yā kāci madhukarajāti. pupphanti pupphārāme caranto pupphañca vaṇṇañca gandhañca aheṭhayanto avināsento vicaratīti attho. paletīti evaṃ caritvā yāvadatthaṃ rasaṃ pivitvā aparampi madhukaraṇatthāya ādāya paleti, so evaṃ vanagahanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā ekasmiṃ rukkhasusire taṃ rajamissakaṃ rasaṃ ṭhapetvā anupubbena madhurarasaṃ madhuṃ karoti, na tassa pupphārāme vicaritapaccayā pupphaṃ vā vaṇṇagandhaṃ vāssa vigacchati, atha kho sabbaṃ pākatikameva hoti. evaṃ gāme munī careti evaṃ sekhāsekhabhedo anāgāriyamuni kulapaṭipāṭiyā gāme bhikkhaṃ gaṇhanto vicaratīti attho. na hi tassa gāme caraṇapaccayā kulānaṃ saddhāhāni vā bhogahāni vā honti. saddhāpi bhogāpi pākatikāva honti. evaṃ caritvā ca pana nikkhamitvā sekhamuni tāva bahigāme udakaphāsukaṭṭhāne saṅghāṭiṃ paññāpetvā nisinno akkhabhañjanavaṇapaṭicchādanaputtamaṃsūpamādivasena paccavekkhanto piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā tathārūpaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ anupavisitvā ajjhattikakammaṭṭhānaṃ sammasanto cattāro magge, cattāri ca sāmaññaphalāni hatthagatāneva karoti. asekhamuni pana diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyuñjati . ayamassa bhamarena saddhiṃ madhukaraṇasarikkhatā veditabbā. idha pana khīṇāsavova adhippeto.

desanāvasāne bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.

satthā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ vatvā uttaripi therassa guṇaṃ pakāsetuṃ “na, bhikkhave, idāneva moggallānena macchariyaseṭṭhi damito, pubbepi naṃ dametvā kammaphalasambandhaṃ jānāpesi evā”ti vatvā imamatthaṃ pakāsento atītaṃ āharitvā —

“ubho khañjā ubho kuṇī, ubho visamacakkhukā.

ubhinnaṃ piḷakā jātā, nāhaṃ passāmi illisan”ti. (jā. 1.1.78) —

imaṃ illisajātakaṃ kathesīti.

macchariyakosiyaseṭṭhivatthu pañcamaṃ.