dhammapada-aṭṭhakathā

(paṭhamo bhāgo)

8. sahassavaggo

8. āyuvaḍḍhanakumāravatthu

abhivādanasīlissāti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā dīghalaṅghikaṃ nissāya araññakuṭiyaṃ viharanto dīghāyukumāraṃ ārabbha kathesi.

dīghalaṅghikanagaravāsino kira dve brāhmaṇā bāhirakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā aṭṭhacattālīsa vassāni tapacaraṇaṃ kariṃsu. tesu eko “paveṇi me nassissati, vibbhamissāmī”ti cintetvā attanā kataṃ tapaṃ paresaṃ vikkiṇitvā gosatena ceva kahāpaṇasatena ca saddhiṃ bhariyaṃ labhitvā kuṭumbaṃ saṇṭhapesi. athassa bhariyā puttaṃ vijāyi. itaro panassa sahāyako pavāsaṃ gantvā punadeva taṃ nagaraṃ paccāgami. so tassa āgatabhāvaṃ sutvā puttadāraṃ ādāya sahāyakassa dassanatthāya agamāsi. gantvā puttaṃ mātu hatthe datvā sayaṃ tāva vandi, mātāpi puttaṃ pitu hatthe datvā vandi. so “dīghāyukā hothā”ti āha, putte pana vandāpite tuṇhī ahosi. atha naṃ “kasmā, bhante, amhehi vandite ‘dīghāyukā hothā’ti vatvā imassa vandanakāle kiñci na vadethā”ti āha. “imasseko antarāyo atthi, brāhmaṇā”ti. “kittakaṃ jīvissati, bhante”ti? “sattāhaṃ, brāhmaṇā”ti. “paṭibāhanakāraṇaṃ atthi, bhante”ti? “nāhaṃ paṭibāhanakāraṇaṃ jānāmī”ti. “ko pana jāneyya, bhante”ti? “samaṇo gotamo jāneyya, tassa santikaṃ gantvā pucchāhī”ti. “tattha gacchanto tapaparihānito bhāyāmī”ti. “sace te puttasineho atthi, tapaparihāniṃ acintetvā tassa santikaṃ gantvā pucchāhī”ti.

so satthu santikaṃ gantvā sayaṃ tāva vandi. satthā “dīghāyuko hohī”ti āha, pajāpatiyā vandanakālepi tassā tatheva vatvā puttassa vandāpanakāle tuṇhī ahosi. so purimanayeneva satthāraṃ pucchi, satthāpi tatheva byākāsi. so kira brāhmaṇo sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ apaṭivijjhitvāva attano mantaṃ sabbaññutaññāṇena saṃsandesi, paṭibāhanūpāyaṃ pana na jānāti. brāhmaṇo satthāraṃ pucchi — “atthi pana, bhante, paṭibāhanūpāyo”ti? “bhaveyya, brāhmaṇā”ti. “kiṃ bhaveyyā”ti? “sace tvaṃ attano gehadvāre maṇḍapaṃ kāretvā tassa majjhe pīṭhikaṃ kāretvā taṃ parikkhipanto aṭṭha vā soḷasa vā āsanāni paññāpetvā tesu mama sāvake nisīdāpetvā sattāhaṃ nirantaraṃ parittaṃ kātuṃ sakkuṇeyyāsi, evamassa antarāyo nasseyyā”ti. “bho gotama, mayā maṇḍapādīni sakkā kātuṃ, tumhākaṃ pana sāvake kathaṃ lacchāmī”ti? “tayā ettake kate ahaṃ mama sāvake pahiṇissāmī”ti. “sādhu, bho gotamā”ti so attano gehadvāre sabbaṃ kiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā satthu santikaṃ agamāsi. satthā bhikkhū pahiṇi, te gantvā tattha nisīdiṃsu, dārakampi pīṭhikāyaṃ nipajjāpesuṃ, bhikkhū sattarattindivaṃ nirantaraṃ parittaṃ bhaṇiṃsu, sattame divase sāyaṃ satthā āgacchi. tasmiṃ āgate sabbacakkavāḷadevatā sannipatiṃsu. eko pana avaruddhako nāma yakkho dvādasa saṃvaccharāni vessavaṇaṃ upaṭṭhahitvā tassa santikā varaṃ labhanto “ito sattame divase imaṃ dārakaṃ gaṇheyyāsī”ti labhi. tasmā sopi āgantvā aṭṭhāsi.

satthari pana tattha gate mahesakkhāsu devatāsu sannipatitāsu appesakkhā devatā osakkitvā osakkitvā okāsaṃ alabhamānā dvādasa yojanāni paṭikkamiṃsu. avaruddhakopi tatheva paṭikkami, satthāpi sabbarattiṃ parittamakāsi. sattāhe vītivatte avaruddhako dārakaṃ na labhi. aṭṭhame pana divase aruṇe uggatamatte dārakaṃ ānetvā satthāraṃ vandāpesuṃ. satthā “dīghāyuko hohī”ti āha. “kīvaciraṃ pana, bho gotama, dārako ṭhassatī”ti? “vīsavassasataṃ, brāhmaṇā”ti. athassa “āyuvaḍḍhanakumāro”ti nāmaṃ kariṃsu. so vuddhimanvāya pañcahi upāsakasatehi parivuto vicari. athekadivasaṃ dhammasabhāyaṃ bhikkhū kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ “passathāvuso, āyuvaḍḍhanakumārena kira sattame divase maritabbaṃ abhavissa, so idāni vīsavassasataṭṭhāyī hutvā pañcahi upāsakasatehi parivuto vicarati, atthi maññe imesaṃ sattānaṃ āyuvaḍḍhanakāraṇan”ti. satthā āgantvā “kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā”ti pucchitvā “imāya nāmā”ti vutte, “bhikkhave, na kevalaṃ āyuvaḍḍhanameva, ime pana sattā guṇavante vandantā abhivādentā catūhi kāraṇehi vaḍḍhanti, parissayato muccanti, yāvatāyukameva tiṭṭhantī”ti vatvā anusandhiṃ ghaṭetvā dhammaṃ desento imaṃ gāthamāha —

109.

“abhivādanasīlissa, niccaṃ vuḍḍhāpacāyino.

cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhanti, āyu vaṇṇo sukhaṃ balan”ti.

tattha abhivādanasīlissāti vandanasīlissa, abhiṇhaṃ vandanakiccapasutassāti attho. vuḍḍhāpacāyinoti gihissa vā tadahupabbajite daharasāmaṇerepi, pabbajitassa vā pana pabbajjāya vā upasampadāya vā vuḍḍhatare guṇavuḍḍhe apacāyamānassa, abhivādanena vā niccaṃ pūjentassāti attho. cattāro dhammā vaḍḍhantīti āyumhi vaḍḍhamāne yattakaṃ kālaṃ taṃ vaḍḍhati, tattakaṃ itarepi vaḍḍhantiyeva. yena hi paññāsavassāayusaṃvattanikaṃ kusalaṃ kataṃ, pañcavīsativassakāle cassa jīvitantarāyo uppajjeyya, so abhivādanasīlatāya paṭippassambhati, so yāvatāyukameva tiṭṭhati, vaṇṇādayopissa āyunāva saddhiṃ vaḍḍhanti. ito uttaripi eseva nayo. anantarāyena pavattassāyuno vaḍḍhanaṃ nāma natthi.

desanāvasāne āyuvaḍḍhanakumāro pañcahi upāsakasatehi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi, aññepi bahū sotāpattiphalādīni pāpuṇiṃsūti.

āyuvaḍḍhanakumāravatthu aṭṭhamaṃ.