dhammapada-aṭṭhakathā

(dutiyo bhāgo)

11. jarāvaggo

5. janapadakalyāṇī rūpanandātherīvatthu

aṭṭhīnaṃ nagaraṃ katanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā jetavane viharanto janapadakalyāṇiṃ rūpanandātheriṃ ārabbha kathesi.

sā kira ekadivasaṃ cintesi — “mayhaṃ jeṭṭhabhātiko rajjasiriṃ pahāya pabbajitvā loke aggapuggalo buddho jāto, puttopissa rāhulakumāro pabbajito, bhattāpi me pabbajito, mātāpi me pabbajitā, ahampi ettake ñātijane pabbajite gehe kiṃ karissāmi, pabbajissāmā”ti. sā bhikkhunupassayaṃ gantvā pabbaji ñātisineheneva, no saddhāya, abhirūpatāya pana rūpanandāti paññāyi. “satthā kira ‘rūpaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā, vedanā... saññā... saṅkhārā... viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā’ti vadetī”ti sutvā sā evaṃ dassanīye pāsādike mamapi rūpe dosaṃ katheyyāti satthu sammukhībhāvaṃ na gacchati. sāvatthivāsino pātova dānaṃ datvā samādinnuposathā suddhuttarāsaṅgā gandhamālādihatthā sāyanhasamaye jetavane sannipatitvā dhammaṃ suṇanti. bhikkhunisaṅghopi satthu dhammadesanāya uppannacchando vihāraṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇāti. dhammaṃ sutvā nagaraṃ pavisanto satthu guṇakathaṃ kathentova pavisati.

catuppamāṇike hi lokasannivāse appakāva te sattā, yesaṃ tathāgataṃ passantānaṃ pasādo na uppajjati. rūpappamāṇikāpi hi tathāgatassa lakkhaṇānubyañjanapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sarīraṃ disvā pasīdanti, ghosappamāṇikāpi anekāni jātisatāni nissāya pavattaṃ satthu guṇaghosañceva aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ dhammadesanāghosañca sutvā pasīdanti, lūkhappamāṇikāpissa cīvarādilūkhataṃ paṭicca pasīdanti, dhammappamāṇikāpi “evarūpaṃ dasabalassa sīlaṃ, evarūpo samādhi, evarūpā paññā, bhagavā sīlādīhi guṇehi asamo appaṭipuggalo”ti pasīdanti. tesaṃ tathāgatassa guṇaṃ kathentānaṃ mukhaṃ nappahoti. rūpanandā bhikkhunīnañceva upāsikānañca santikā tathāgatassa guṇakathaṃ sutvā cintesi — “ativiya me bhātikassa vaṇṇaṃ kathentiyeva. ekadivasampi me rūpe dosaṃ kathento kittakaṃ kathessati. yaṃnūnāhaṃ bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ gantvā attānaṃ adassetvāva tathāgataṃ passitvā dhammamassa suṇitvā āgaccheyyan”ti. sā “ahampi ajja dhammassavanaṃ gamissāmī”ti bhikkhunīnaṃ ārocesi.

bhikkhuniyo “cirassaṃ vata rūpanandāya satthu upaṭṭhānaṃ gantukāmatā uppannā, ajja satthā imaṃ nissāya vicitradhammadesanaṃ nānānayaṃ desessatī”ti tuṭṭhamānasā taṃ ādāya nikkhamiṃsu. sā nikkhantakālato paṭṭhāya “ahaṃ attānaṃ neva dassessāmī”ti cintesi. satthā “ajja rūpanandā mayhaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ āgamissati, kīdisī nu kho tassā dhammadesanā sappāyā”ti cintetvā “rūpagarukā esā attabhāve balavasinehā, kaṇṭakena kaṇṭakuddharaṇaṃ viya rūpenevassā rūpamadanimmadanaṃ sappāyan”ti sanniṭṭhānaṃ katvā tassā vihāraṃ pavisanasamaye ekaṃ pana abhirūpaṃ itthiṃ soḷasavassuddesikaṃ rattavatthanivatthaṃ sabbābharaṇapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ bījaniṃ gahetvā attano santike ṭhatvā bījayamānaṃ iddhibalena abhinimmini. taṃ kho pana itthiṃ satthā ceva passati rūpanandā ca. sā bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ vihāraṃ pavisitvā bhikkhunīnaṃ piṭṭhipasse ṭhatvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena satthāraṃ vanditvā bhikkhunīnaṃ antare nisinnā pādantato paṭṭhāya satthāraṃ olokentī lakkhaṇavicittaṃ anubyañjanasamujjalaṃ byāmappabhāparikkhittaṃ satthu sarīraṃ disvā puṇṇacandasassirikaṃ mukhaṃ olokentī samīpe ṭhitaṃ itthirūpaṃ addasa . sā taṃ oloketvā attabhāvaṃ olokentī suvaṇṇarājahaṃsiyā purato kākīsadisaṃ attānaṃ avamaññi. iddhimayarūpaṃ diṭṭhakālato paṭṭhāyeva hi tassā akkhīni bhamiṃsu. sā “aho imissā kesā sobhanā, aho nalāṭaṃ sobhanan”ti sabbesaṃ sārīrappadesānaṃ rūpasiriyā samākaḍḍhitacittā tasmiṃ rūpe balavasinehā ahosi.

satthā tassā tattha abhiratiṃ ñatvā dhammaṃ desentova taṃ rūpaṃ soḷasavassuddesikabhāvaṃ atikkamitvā vīsativassuddesikaṃ katvā dassesi. rūpanandā oloketvā “na vatidaṃ rūpaṃ purimasadisan”ti thokaṃ virattacittā ahosi. satthā anukkameneva tassā itthiyā sakiṃ vijātavaṇṇaṃ majjhimitthivaṇṇaṃ jarājiṇṇamahallikitthivaṇṇañca dassesi. sāpi anupubbeneva “idampi antarahitaṃ, idampi antarahitan”ti jarājiṇṇakāle taṃ virajjamānā khaṇḍadantiṃ palitasiraṃ obhaggaṃ gopānasivaṅkaṃ daṇḍaparāyaṇaṃ pavedhamānaṃ disvā ativiya virajji. atha satthā taṃ byādhinā abhibhūtaṃ katvā dassesi. sā taṅkhaṇaññeva daṇḍañca tālavaṇṭañca chaḍḍetvā mahāviravaṃ viravamānā bhūmiyaṃ patitvā sake muttakarīse nimuggā aparāparaṃ parivatti. rūpanandā tampi disvā ativiya virajji. satthāpi tassā itthiyā maraṇaṃ dassesi. sā taṅkhaṇaṃyeva uddhumātakabhāvaṃ āpajji, navahi vaṇamukhehi pubbavaṭṭiyo ceva puḷavā ca pagghariṃsu, kākādayo sannipatitvā vilumpiṃsu. rūpanandāpi taṃ oloketvā “ayaṃ itthī imasmiṃyeva ṭhāne jaraṃ pattā, byādhiṃ pattā, maraṇaṃ pattā, imassāpi me attabhāvassa evameva jarābyādhimaraṇāni āgamissantī”ti attabhāvaṃ aniccato passi. aniccato diṭṭhattā eva pana dukkhato anattato diṭṭhoyeva hoti. athassā tayo bhavā ādittā gehā viya gīvāya baddhakuṇapaṃ viya ca upaṭṭhahiṃsu, kammaṭṭhānābhimukhaṃ cittaṃ pakkhandi. satthā tāya aniccato diṭṭhabhāvaṃ ñatvā “sakkhissati nu kho sayameva attano patiṭṭhaṃ kātun”ti olokento “na sakkhissati, bahiddhā paccayaṃ laddhuṃ vaṭṭatī”ti cintetvā tassā sappāyavasena dhammaṃ desento āha —

“āturaṃ asuciṃ pūtiṃ, passa nande samussayaṃ.

uggharantaṃ paggharantaṃ, bālānaṃ abhipatthitaṃ.

“yathā idaṃ tathā etaṃ, yathā etaṃ tathā idaṃ.

dhātuto suññato passa, mā lokaṃ punarāgami.

bhave chandaṃ virājetvā, upasanto carissatī”ti. —

itthaṃ sudaṃ bhagavā nandaṃ bhikkhuniṃ ārabbha imā gāthāyo abhāsitthāti. nandā desanānusārena ñāṇaṃ pesetvā sotāpattiphalaṃ pāpuṇi. athassā upari tiṇṇaṃ maggaphalānaṃ vipassanāparivāsatthāya suññatākammaṭṭhānaṃ kathetuṃ, “nande, mā ‘imasmiṃ sarīre sāro atthī’ti saññaṃ kari. appamattakopi hi ettha sāro natthi, tīṇi aṭṭhisatāni ussāpetvā kataṃ aṭṭhinagarametan”ti vatvā imaṃ gāthamāha —

150.

“aṭṭhīnaṃ nagaraṃ kataṃ, maṃsalohitalepanaṃ.

yattha jarā ca maccu ca, māno makkho ca ohito”ti.

tassattho — yatheva hi pubbaṇṇāparaṇṇādīnaṃ odahanatthāya kaṭṭhāni ussāpetvā vallīhi bandhitvā mattikāya vilimpetvā nagarasaṅkhātaṃ bahiddhā gehaṃ karonti, evamidaṃ ajjhattikampi tīṇi aṭṭhisatāni ussāpetvā nhāruvinaddhaṃ maṃsalohitalepanaṃ tacapaṭicchannaṃ jīraṇalakkhaṇāya jarāya maraṇalakkhaṇassa maccuno ārohasampadādīni paṭicca maññanalakkhaṇassa mānassa sukatakāraṇavināsanalakkhaṇassa makkhassa ca odahanatthāya nagaraṃ kataṃ. evarūpo eva hi ettha kāyikacetasiko ābādho ohito, ito uddhaṃ kiñci gayhūpagaṃ natthīti.

desanāvasāne sā therī arahattaṃ pāpuṇi, mahājanassāpi sātthikā dhammadesanā ahosīti.

janapadakalyāṇī rūpanandātherīvatthu pañcamaṃ.