dhammapada-aṭṭhakathā

(paṭhamo bhāgo)

3. cittavaggo

6. pañcasatabhikkhuvatthu

kumbhūpamanti imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ satthā sāvatthiyaṃ viharanto āraddhavipassake bhikkhū ārabbha kathesi.

sāvatthiyaṃ kira pañcasatā bhikkhū satthu santike yāva arahattā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā, “samaṇadhammaṃ karissāmā”ti yojanasatamaggaṃ gantvā ekaṃ mahāvāsagāmaṃ agamaṃsu. atha te manussā disvā paññattāsane nisīdāpetvā paṇītehi yāgubhattādīhi parivisitvā, “kahaṃ, bhante, gacchathā”ti pucchitvā, “yathāphāsukaṭṭhānan”ti vutte, “bhante, imaṃ temāsaṃ idheva vasatha, mayampi tumhākaṃ santike saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya pañca sīlāni rakkhissāmā”ti yācitvā tesaṃ adhivāsanaṃ viditvā, “avidūre ṭhāne mahanto vanasaṇḍo atthi, ettha vasatha, bhante”ti vatvā uyyojesuṃ. bhikkhū taṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ pavisiṃsu. tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe adhivatthā devatā “sīlavanto, ayyā, imaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ anuppattā, ayuttaṃ kho pana asmākaṃ ayyesu idha vasantesu puttadāre gahetvā rukkhe abhiruyha vasitun”ti rukkhato otaritvā bhūmiyaṃ nisīditvā cintayiṃsu, “ayyā, imasmiṃ ṭhāne ajjekarattiṃ vasitvā addhā sve gamissantī”ti. bhikkhūpi punadivase antogāme piṇḍāya caritvā puna tameva vanasaṇḍaṃ āgamiṃsu. devatā “bhikkhusaṅgho svātanāya kenaci nimantito bhavissati, tasmā punāgacchati, ajja gamanaṃ na bhavissati, sve gamissati maññe”ti iminā upāyena aḍḍhamāsamattaṃ bhūmiyameva acchiṃsu.

tato cintayiṃsu — “bhadantā imaṃ temāsaṃ idheva maññe vasissanti, idheva kho pana imesu vasantesu amhākaṃ rukkhe abhiruhitvā nisīditumpi na yuttaṃ, temāsaṃ puttadāre gahetvā bhūmiyaṃ nisīdanaṭṭhānānipi dukkhāni, kiñci katvā ime bhikkhū palāpetuṃ vaṭṭatī”ti. tā tesu tesu rattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānesu ceva caṅkamanakoṭīsu ca chinnasīsāni kabandhāni dassetuṃ amanussasaddañca bhāvetuṃ ārabhiṃsu. bhikkhūnaṃ khipitakāsādayo rogā pavattiṃsu. te aññamaññaṃ “tuyhaṃ, āvuso, kiṃ rujjatī”ti pucchantā, “mayhaṃ khipitarogo, mayhaṃ kāso”ti vatvā, “āvuso, ahaṃ ajja caṅkamanakoṭiyaṃ chinnasīsaṃ addasaṃ, ahaṃ rattiṭṭhāne kabandhaṃ addasaṃ, ahaṃ divāṭṭhāne amanussasaddaṃ assosiṃ, parivajjetabbayuttakamidaṃ ṭhānaṃ, amhākaṃ idha aphāsukaṃ ahosi, satthu santikaṃ gamissāmā”ti nikkhamitvā anupubbena satthu santikaṃ gantvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.

atha ne satthā āha — “kiṃ, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ ṭhāne vasituṃ na sakkhissathā”ti? “āma, bhante, amhākaṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāne vasantānaṃ evarūpāni bheravārammaṇāni upaṭṭhahanti, evarūpaṃ aphāsukaṃ hoti, tena mayaṃ ‘vajjetabbayuttakamidaṃ ṭhānan’ti taṃ chaḍḍetvā tumhākaṃ santikaṃ āgatā”ti. “bhikkhave, tattheva tumhākaṃ gantuṃ vaṭṭatī”ti. “na sakkā, bhante”ti. “bhikkhave, tumhe āvudhaṃ aggahetvā gatā, idāni āvudhaṃ gahetvā gacchathā”ti. “katarāvudhaṃ, bhante”ti? satthā “ahaṃ āvudhaṃ vo dassāmi, mayā dinnaṃ āvudhaṃ gahetvā gacchathā”ti vatvā —

“karaṇīyamatthakusalena, yanta santaṃ padaṃ abhisamecca.

sakko ujū ca suhujū ca, suvaco cassa mudu anatimānī”ti. (khu. pā. 9.1; su. ni. 143) —

sakalaṃ mettasuttaṃ kathetvā, “bhikkhave, imaṃ tumhe bahi vihārassa vanasaṇḍato paṭṭhāya sajjhāyantā antovihāraṃ paviseyyāthā”ti uyyojesi. te satthāraṃ vanditvā nikkhamitvā anupubbena taṃ ṭhānaṃ patvā bahivihāre gaṇasajjhāyaṃ katvā sajjhāyamānā vanasaṇḍaṃ pavisiṃsu. sakalavanasaṇḍe devatā mettacittaṃ paṭilabhitvā tesaṃ paccuggamanaṃ katvā pattacīvarapaṭiggahaṇaṃ āpucchiṃsu, hatthapādasambāhanaṃ āpucchiṃsu, tesaṃ tattha tattha ārakkhaṃ saṃvidahiṃsu, pakkadhūpanatelaṃ viya sannisinnā ahesuṃ. katthaci amanussasaddo nāma nāhosi. tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cittaṃ ekaggaṃ ahosi. te rattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānesu nisinnā vipassanāya cittaṃ otāretvā attani khayavayaṃ paṭṭhapetvā, “ayaṃ attabhāvo nāma bhijjanakaṭṭhena athāvaraṭṭhena kulālabhājanasadiso”ti vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhayiṃsu. sammāsambuddho gandhakuṭiyā nisinnova tesaṃ vipassanāya āraddhabhāvaṃ ñatvā te bhikkhū āmantetvā, “evameva, bhikkhave, ayaṃ attabhāvo nāma bhijjanakaṭṭhena athāvaraṭṭhena kulālabhājanasadiso evā”ti vatvā obhāsaṃ pharitvā yojanasate ṭhitopi abhimukhe nisinno viya chabbaṇṇaraṃsiyo vissajjetvā dissamānena rūpena imaṃ gāthamāha —

40.

“kumbhūpamaṃ kāyamiṃma viditvā, nagarūpamaṃ cittamidaṃ ṭhapetvā.

yodhetha māraṃ paññāvudhena, jitañca rakkhe anivesano siyā”ti.

tattha kumbhūpamanti abaladubbalaṭṭhena anaddhaniyatāvakālikaṭṭhena imaṃ kesādisamūhasaṅkhātaṃ kāyaṃ kumbhūpamaṃ kulālabhājanasadisaṃ viditvā. nagarūpamaṃ cittamidaṃ ṭhapetvāti nagaraṃ nāma bahiddhā thiraṃ hoti, gambhīraparikhaṃ pākāraparikkhittaṃ dvāraṭṭālakayuttaṃ, antosuvibhattavīthicatukkasiṅghāṭakasampannaṃ antarāpaṇaṃ, taṃ “vilumpissāmā”ti bahiddhā corā āgantvā pavisituṃ asakkontā pabbataṃ āsajja paṭihatā viya gacchanti, evameva paṇḍito kulaputto attano vipassanācittaṃ thiraṃ nagarasadisaṃ katvā ṭhapetvā nagare ṭhito ekatodhārādinānappakārāvudhena coragaṇaṃ viya vipassanāmayena ca ariyamaggamayena ca paññāvudhena taṃtaṃmaggavajjhaṃ kilesamāraṃ paṭibāhanto taṃ taṃ kilesamāraṃ yodhetha, pahareyyāthāti attho. jitañca rakkheti jitañca uppāditaṃ taruṇavipassanaṃ āvāsasappāyautusappāyabhojanasappāyapuggalasappāyadhammassavanasappāyādīni āsevanto antarantarā samāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā tato vuṭṭhāya suddhacittena saṅkhāre sammasanto rakkheyya.

anivesano siyāti anālayo bhaveyya. yathā nāma yodho saṅgāmasīse balakoṭṭhakaṃ katvā amittehi saddhiṃ yujjhanto chāto vā pipāsito vā hutvā sannāhe vā sithile āvudhe vā patite balakoṭṭhakaṃ pavisitvā vissamitvā bhuñjitvā pivitvā sannahitvā āvudhaṃ gahetvā puna nikkhamitvā yujjhanto parasenaṃ maddati, ajitaṃ jināti, jitaṃ rakkhati. so hi sace balakoṭṭhake ṭhito evaṃ vissamanto taṃ assādento accheyya, rajjaṃ parahatthagataṃ kareyya, evameva, bhikkhu, paṭiladdhaṃ taruṇavipassanaṃ punappunaṃ samāpattiṃ samāpajjitvā tato vuṭṭhāya suddhacittena saṅkhāre sammasanto rakkhituṃ sakkoti, uttarimaggaphalapaṭilābhena kilesamāraṃ jināti. sace pana so samāpattimeva assādeti, suddhacittena punappunaṃ saṅkhāre na sammasati, maggaphalapaṭivedhaṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti. tasmā rakkhitabbayuttakaṃ rakkhanto anivesano siyā, samāpattiṃ nivesanaṃ katvā tattha na niveseyya, ālayaṃ na kareyyāti attho. “addhā tumhepi evaṃ karothā”ti evaṃ satthā tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ desesi.

desanāvasāne pañcasatā bhikkhū nisinnaṭṭhāne nisinnāyeva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ patvā tathāgatassa suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sarīraṃ vaṇṇayantā thomentā vandantāva āgacchiṃsūti.

pañcasatabhikkhuvatthu chaṭṭhaṃ.