dhammapada-aṭṭhakathā

(paṭhamo bhāgo)

1. yamakavaggo

2. maṭṭhakuṇḍalīvatthu

2. manopubbaṅgamā dhammāti dutiyagāthāpi sāvatthiyaṃyeva maṭṭhakuṇḍaliṃ ārabbha bhāsitā.

sāvatthiyaṃ kira adinnapubbako nāma brāhmaṇo ahosi. tena kassaci kiñci na dinnapubbaṃ, tena taṃ “adinnapubbako”tveva sañjāniṃsu. tassa ekaputtako ahosi piyo manāpo. athassa pilandhanaṃ kāretukāmo “sace suvaṇṇakāre kāressāmi, bhattavetanaṃ dātabbaṃ bhavissatī”ti sayameva suvaṇṇaṃ koṭṭetvā maṭṭhāni kuṇḍalāni katvā adāsi. tenassa putto maṭṭhakuṇḍalītveva paññāyittha. tassa soḷasavassikakāle paṇḍurogo udapādi. tassa mātā puttaṃ oloketvā, “brāhmaṇa, puttassa te rogo uppanno, tikicchāpehi nan”ti āha. “bhoti sace vejjaṃ ānessāmi, bhattavetanaṃ dātabbaṃ bhavissati; kiṃ tvaṃ mama dhanacchedaṃ na olokessasī”ti? “atha naṃ kiṃ karissasi, brāhmaṇā”ti? “yathā me dhanacchedo na hoti, tathā karissāmī”ti. so vejjānaṃ santikaṃ gantvā “asukarogassa nāma tumhe kiṃ bhesajjaṃ karothā”ti pucchi. athassa te yaṃ vā taṃ vā rukkhatacādiṃ ācikkhanti. so tamāharitvā puttassa bhesajjaṃ karoti. taṃ karontassevassa rogo balavā ahosi, atekicchabhāvaṃ upāgami. brāhmaṇo tassa dubbalabhāvaṃ ñatvā ekaṃ vejjaṃ pakkosi. so taṃ oloketvāva “amhākaṃ ekaṃ kiccaṃ atthi, aññaṃ vejjaṃ pakkositvā tikicchāpehī”ti taṃ pahāya nikkhami. brāhmaṇo tassa maraṇasamayaṃ ñatvā “imassa dassanatthāya āgatā antogehe sāpateyyaṃ passissanti, bahi naṃ karissāmī”ti puttaṃ nīharitvā bahiāḷinde nipajjāpesi.

taṃ divasaṃ bhagavā balavapaccūsasamaye mahākaruṇāsamāpattito vuṭṭhāya pubbabuddhesu katādhikārānaṃ ussannakusalamūlānaṃ veneyyabandhavānaṃ dassanatthaṃ buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento dasasahassacakkavāḷesu ñāṇajālaṃ patthari. maṭṭhakuṇḍalī bahiāḷinde nipannākāreneva tassa anto paññāyi. satthā taṃ disvā tassa antogehā nīharitvā tattha nipajjāpitabhāvaṃ ñatvā “atthi nu kho mayhaṃ ettha gatapaccayena attho”ti upadhārento idaṃ addasa — ayaṃ māṇavo mayi cittaṃ pasādetvā kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsadevaloke tiṃsayojanike kanakavimāne nibbattissati, accharāsahassaparivāro bhavissati, brāhmaṇopi taṃ jhāpetvā rodanto āḷāhane vicarissati. devaputto tigāvutappamāṇaṃ saṭṭhisakaṭabhārālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ accharāsahassaparivāraṃ attabhāvaṃ oloketvā “kena nu kho kammena mayā ayaṃ sirisampatti laddhā”ti oloketvā mayi cittappasādena laddhabhāvaṃ ñatvā “ayaṃ brāhmaṇo dhanacchedabhayena mama bhesajjamakatvā idāni āḷāhanaṃ gantvā rodati, vippakārappattaṃ naṃ karissāmī”ti pitari rodante maṭṭhakuṇḍalivaṇṇena āgantvā āḷāhanassāvidūre nipajjitvā rodissati. atha naṃ brāhmaṇo “kosi tvan”ti pucchissati. “ahaṃ te putto maṭṭhakuṇḍalī”ti ācikkhissati. “kuhiṃ nibbattosī”ti? “tāvasiṃsabhavane”ti. “kiṃ kammaṃ katvā”ti vutte mayi cittappasādena nibbattabhāvaṃ ācikkhissati. brāhmaṇo “tumhesu cittaṃ pasādetvā sagge nibbatto nāma atthī”ti maṃ pucchissati. athassāhaṃ “ettakāni satāni vā sahassāni vā satasahassāni vāti na sakkā gaṇanā paricchinditun”ti vatvā dhammapade gāthaṃ bhāsissāmi. gāthāpariyosāne caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo bhavissati, maṭṭha kuṇḍalī sotāpanno bhavissati. tathā adinnapubbako brāhmaṇo. iti imaṃ kulaputtaṃ nissāya mahādhammābhisamayo bhavissatīti disvā punadivase katasarīrapaṭijaggano mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivuto sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pavisitvā anupubbena brāhmaṇassa gehadvāraṃ gato.

tasmiṃ khaṇe maṭṭhakuṇḍalī antogehābhimukho nipanno hoti. athassa satthā attano apassanabhāvaṃ ñatvā ekaṃ rasmiṃ vissajjesi. māṇavo “kiṃ obhāso nāmeso”ti parivattetvā nipannova satthāraṃ disvā, “andhabālapitaraṃ nissāya evarūpaṃ buddhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā kāyaveyyāvaṭikaṃ vā kātuṃ dānaṃ vā dātuṃ dhammaṃ vā sotuṃ nālatthaṃ, idāni me hatthāpi anadhipateyyā, aññaṃ kattabbaṃ natthī”ti manameva pasādesi. satthā “alaṃ ettakena cittappasādena imassā”ti pakkāmi. so tathāgate cakkhupathaṃ vijahanteyeva pasannamano kālaṃ katvā suttappabuddho viya devaloke tiṃsayojanike kanakavimāne nibbatti.

brāhmaṇopissa sarīraṃ jhāpetvā āḷāhane rodanaparāyaṇo ahosi, devasikaṃ āḷāhanaṃ gantvā rodati — “kahaṃ ekaputtaka, kahaṃ ekaputtakā”ti. devaputtopi attano sampattiṃ oloketvā, “kena me kammena laddhā”ti upadhārento “satthari manopasādenā”ti ñatvā “ayaṃ brāhmaṇo mama aphāsukakāle bhesajjamakāretvā idāni āḷāhanaṃ gantvā rodati, vippakārappattameva naṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī”ti maṭṭhakuṇḍalivaṇṇena āgantvā āḷāhanassāvidūre bāhā paggayha rodanto aṭṭhāsi. brāhmaṇo taṃ disvā “ahaṃ tāva puttasokena rodāmi, esa kimatthaṃ rodati, pucchissāmi nan”ti pucchanto imaṃ gāthamāha —

“alaṅkato maṭṭhakuṇḍalī,

māladhārī haricandanussado.

bāhā paggayha kandasi,

vanamajjhe kiṃ dukkhito tuvan”ti. (vi. va. 1207; pe. va. 186).

so māṇavo āha —

“sovaṇṇamayo pabhassaro,

uppanno rathapañjaro mama.

tassa cakkayugaṃ na vindāmi,

tena dukkhena jahāmi jīvitan”ti. (va. 1208; pe. va. 187).

atha naṃ brāhmaṇo āha —

“sovaṇṇamayaṃ maṇimayaṃ,

lohitakamayaṃ atha rūpiyamayaṃ.

ācikkha me bhadda māṇava,

cakkayugaṃ paṭipādayāmi te”ti. (vi. va. 1209; pe. va. 188).

taṃ sutvā māṇavo “ayaṃ brāhmaṇo puttassa bhesajjamakatvā puttapatirūpakaṃ maṃ disvā rodanto ‘suvaṇṇādimayaṃ rathacakkaṃ karomī’ti vadati, hotu niggaṇhissāmi nan”ti cintetvā “kīva mahantaṃ me cakkayugaṃ karissasī”ti vatvā “yāva mahantaṃ ākaṅkhasi, tāva mahantaṃ karissāmī”ti vutte “candimasūriyehi me attho, te me dehī”ti yācanto āha —

“so māṇavo tassa pāvadi,

candasūriyā ubhayettha dissare.

sovaṇṇamayo ratho mama,

tena cakkayugena sobhatī”ti. (vi. va. 1210; pe. va. 189).

atha naṃ brāhmaṇo āha —

“bālo kho tvaṃ asi māṇava,

yo tvaṃ patthayase apatthiyaṃ.

maññāmi tuvaṃ marissasi,

na hi tvaṃ lacchasi candasūriye”ti. (vi. va. 1211; pe. va. 190).

atha naṃ māṇavo āha —

“kiṃ pana paññāyamānassatthāya rodanto bālo hoti, udāhu apaññāyamānassatthāyā”ti vatvā —

“gamanāgamanampi dissati,

vaṇṇadhātu ubhayattha vīthiyā.

peto kālakato na dissati,

ko nidha kandataṃ bālyataro”ti. (vi. va. 1212; pe. va. 191).

taṃ sutvā brāhmaṇo “yuttaṃ esa vadatī”ti sallakkhetvā —

“saccaṃ kho vadesi māṇava,

ahameva kandataṃ bālyataro.

candaṃ viya dārako rudaṃ,

petaṃ kālakatābhipatthayin”ti. (vi. va. 1213; pe. va. 192) —

vatvā tassa kathāya nissoko hutvā māṇavassa thutiṃ karonto imā gāthā abhāsi —

“ādittaṃ vata maṃ santaṃ, ghatasittaṃva pāvakaṃ.

vārinā viya osiñcaṃ, sabbaṃ nibbāpaye daraṃ.

“abbahī vata me sallaṃ, sokaṃ hadayanissitaṃ.

yo me sokaparetassa, puttasokaṃ apānudi.

“svāhaṃ abbūḷhasallosmi, sītibhūtosmi nibbuto.

na socāmi na rodāmi, tava sutvāna māṇavā”ti. (vi. va. 1214-1216; pe. va. 193-195).

atha naṃ “ko nāma tvan”ti pucchanto —

“devatānusi gandhabbo, adu sakko purindado.

ko vā tvaṃ kassa vā putto, kathaṃ jānemu taṃ mayan”ti. (vi. va. 1217; pe. va. 196) —

āha. athassa māṇavo —

“yañca kandasi yañca rodasi,

puttaṃ āḷāhane sayaṃ dahitvā.

svāhaṃ kusalaṃ karitvā kammaṃ,

tidasānaṃ sahabyataṃ gato”ti. (vi. va. 1218; pe. va. 197) —

ācikkhi . atha naṃ brāhmaṇo āha —

“appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā nāddasāma,

dānaṃ dadantassa sake agāre.

uposathakammaṃ vā tādisaṃ,

kena kammena gatosi devalokan”ti. (vi. va. 1219; pe. va. 198).

māṇavo āha —

“ābādhikohaṃ dukkhito gilāno,

ātūrarūpomhi sake nivesane.

buddhaṃ vigatarajaṃ vitiṇṇakaṅkhaṃ,

addakkhiṃ sugataṃ anomapaññaṃ.

“svāhaṃ muditadhano pasannacitto,

añjaliṃ akariṃ tathāgatassa.

tāhaṃ kusalaṃ karitvāna kammaṃ,

tidasānaṃ sahabyataṃ gato”ti. (vi. va. 1220-1221; pe. va. 199-200).

tasmiṃ kathenteyeva brāhmaṇassa sakalasarīraṃ pītiyā paripūri. so taṃ pītiṃ pavedento —

“acchariyaṃ vata abbhutaṃ vata,

añjalikammassa ayamīdiso vipāko.

ahampi pamuditamano pasannacitto,

ajjeva buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ vajāmī”ti. (vi. va. 1222; pe. va. 201) —

āha. atha naṃ māṇavo —

“ajjeva buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ vajāhi,

dhammañca saṅghañca pasannacitto.

tatheva sikkhāpadāni pañca,

akhaṇḍaphullāni samādiyassu.

pāṇātipātā viramassu khippaṃ,

loke adinnaṃ parivajjayassu.

amajjapo mā ca musā bhaṇāhi,

sakena dārena ca hohi tuṭṭho”ti. (vi. va. 1223-1224; pe. va. 202-203) —

āha . so “sādhū”ti sampaṭicchitvā imā gāthā abhāsi —

“atthakāmosi me yakkha, hitakāmosi devate.

karomi tuyhaṃ vacanaṃ, tvaṃsi ācariyo mama.

“upemi saraṇaṃ buddhaṃ, dhammañcāpi anuttaraṃ.

saṅghañca naradevassa, gacchāmi saraṇaṃ ahaṃ.

“pāṇātipātā viramāmi khippaṃ,

loke adinnaṃ parivajjayāmi.

amajjapo no ca musā bhaṇāmi,

sakena dārena ca homi tuṭṭho”ti. (vi. va. 1225-1227; pe. va. 204-206).

atha naṃ devaputto, “brāhmaṇa, te gehe bahuṃ dhanaṃ atthi, satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dānaṃ dehi, dhammaṃ suṇāhi, pañhaṃ pucchāhī”ti vatvā tattheva antaradhāyi.

brāhmaṇopi gehaṃ gantvā brāhmaṇiṃ āmantetvā, “bhadde, ahaṃ ajja samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ nimantetvā pañhaṃ pucchissāmi, sakkāraṃ karohī”ti vatvā vihāraṃ gantvā satthāraṃ neva abhivādetvā na paṭisanthāraṃ katvā ekamantaṃ ṭhito, “bho gotama, adhivāsehi ajjatanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā”ti āha. satthā adhivāsesi. so satthu adhivāsanaṃ viditvā vegenāgantvā sake nivesane paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyañca paṭiyādāpesi. satthā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto tassa gehaṃ gantvā paññattāsane nisīdi. brāhmaṇo sakkaccaṃ parivisi, mahājano sannipati. micchādiṭṭhikena kira tathāgate nimantite dve janakāyā sannipatanti micchādiṭṭhikā “ajja samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ pañhaṃ pucchanāya viheṭhiyamānaṃ passissāmā”ti sannipatanti, sammādiṭṭhikā “ajja buddhavisayaṃ buddhalīḷaṃ passissāmā”ti sannipatanti. atha kho brāhmaṇo katabhattakiccaṃ tathāgatamupasaṅkamitvā nīcāsane nisinno pañhaṃ pucchi — “bho gotama, tumhākaṃ dānaṃ adatvā pūjaṃ akatvā dhammaṃ asutvā uposathavāsaṃ avasitvā kevalaṃ manopasādamatteneva sagge nibbattā nāma hontī”ti? “brāhmaṇa, kasmā maṃ pucchasi, nanu te puttena maṭṭhakuṇḍalinā mayi manaṃ pasādetvā attano sagge nibbattabhāvo kathito”ti? “kadā, bho gotamā”ti? nanu tvaṃ ajja susānaṃ gantvā kandanto avidūre bāhā paggayha kandantaṃ ekaṃ māṇavaṃ disvā “alaṅkato maṭṭhakuṇḍalī, māladhārī haricandanussado”ti dvīhi janehi kathitakathaṃ pakāsento sabbaṃ maṭṭhakuṇḍalivatthuṃ kathesi. tenevetaṃ buddhabhāsitaṃ nāma jātaṃ.

taṃ kathetvā ca pana “na kho, brāhmaṇa, ekasataṃ vā na dvesataṃ, atha kho mayi manaṃ pasādetvā sagge nibbattānaṃ gaṇanā nāma natthī”ti āha. atha mahājano na nibbematiko hoti, athassa anibbematikabhāvaṃ viditvā satthā “maṭṭhakuṇḍalidevaputto vimāneneva saddhiṃ āgacchatū”ti adhiṭṭhāsi. so tigāvutappamāṇeneva dibbābharaṇapaṭimaṇḍitena attabhāvena āgantvā vimānato oruyha satthāraṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. atha naṃ satthā “tvaṃ imaṃ sampattiṃ kiṃ kammaṃ katvā paṭilabhī”ti pucchanto —

“abhikkantena vaṇṇena, yā tvaṃ tiṭṭhasi devate.

obhāsentī disā sabbā, osadhī viya tārakā.

pucchāmi taṃ deva mahānubhāva, manussabhūto kimakāsi puññan”ti. —

gāthamāha. “devaputto ayaṃ me, bhante, sampatti tumhesu cittaṃ pasādetvā laddhā”ti. “mayi cittaṃ pasādetvā laddhā te”ti? “āma, bhante”ti. mahājano devaputtaṃ oloketvā “acchariyā vata, bho, buddhaguṇā, adinnapubbakabrāhmaṇassa nāma putto aññaṃ kiñci puññaṃ akatvā satthari cittaṃ pasādetvā evarūpaṃ sampattiṃ paṭilabhī”ti tuṭṭhiṃ pavedesi.

atha nesaṃ kusalākusalakammakaraṇe manova pubbaṅgamo, manova seṭṭho. pasannena hi manena kataṃ kammaṃ devalokaṃ manussalokaṃ gacchantaṃ puggalaṃ chāyāva na vijahatīti idaṃ vatthuṃ kathetvā anusandhiṃ ghaṭetvā patiṭṭhāpitamattikaṃ sāsanaṃ rājamuddāya lañchanto viya dhammarājā imaṃ gāthamāha —

2. “manopubbaṅgamā dhammā, manoseṭṭhā manomayā.

manasā ce pasannena, bhāsati vā karoti vā.

tato naṃ sukhamanveti, chāyāva anapāyinī”ti.

tattha kiñcāpi manoti avisesena sabbampi catubhūmikacittaṃ vuccati, imasmiṃ pana pade niyamiyamānaṃ vavatthāpiyamānaṃ paricchijjiyamānaṃ aṭṭhavidhaṃ kāmāvacarakusalacittaṃ labbhati. vatthuvasena panāhariyamānaṃ tatopi somanassasahagataṃ ñāṇasampayuttacittameva labbhati. pubbaṅgamāti tena paṭhamagāminā hutvā samannāgatā. dhammāti vedanādayo tayo khandhā. ete hi uppādapaccayaṭṭhena somanassasampayuttamano pubbaṅgamo etesanti manopubbaṅgamā nāma. yathā hi bahūsu ekato hutvā mahābhikkhusaṅghassa cīvaradānādīni vā uḷārapūjādhammassavanādīni vā mālāgandhasakkārakaraṇādīni vā puññāni karontesu “ko etesaṃ pubbaṅgamo”ti vutte yo tesaṃ paccayo hoti, yaṃ nissāya te tāni puññāni karonti, so tisso vā phusso vā tesaṃ pubbaṅgamoti vuccati, evaṃsampadamidaṃ veditabbaṃ. iti uppādapaccayaṭṭhena mano pubbaṅgamo etesanti manopubbaṅgamā. na hi te mane anuppajjante uppajjituṃ sakkonti, mano pana ekaccesu cetasikesu anuppajjantesupi uppajjatiyeva. evaṃ adhipativasena pana mano seṭṭho etesanti manoseṭṭhā. yathā hi gaṇādīnaṃ adhipati puriso gaṇaseṭṭho seṇiseṭṭhoti vuccati, tathā tesampi manova seṭṭho. yathā pana suvaṇṇādīhi nipphāditāni bhaṇḍāni suvaṇṇamayādīni nāma honti, tathā etepi manato nipphannattā manomayā nāma.

pasannenāti anabhijjhādīhi guṇehi pasannena. bhāsati vā karoti vāti evarūpena manena bhāsanto catubbidhaṃ vacīsucaritameva bhāsati, karonto tividhaṃ kāyasucaritameva karoti, abhāsanto akaronto tāya anabhijjhādīhi pasannamānasatāya tividhaṃ manosucaritaṃ pūreti. evamassa dasa kusalakammapathā pāripūriṃ gacchanti.

tato naṃ sukhamanvetīti tato tividhasucaritato naṃ puggalaṃ sukha manveti. idha tebhūmikampi kusalaṃ adhippetaṃ, tasmā tebhūmikasucaritānubhāvena sugatibhave nibbattaṃ puggalaṃ, duggatiyaṃ vā sukhānubhavanaṭṭhāne ṭhitaṃ kāyavatthukampi itaravatthukampi avatthukampīti kāyikacetasikaṃ vipākasukhaṃ anugacchati, na vijahatīti attho veditabbo. yathā kiṃ? chāyāva anapāyinīti yathā hi chāyā nāma sarīrappaṭibaddhā sarīre gacchante gacchati, tiṭṭhante tiṭṭhati, nisīdante nisīdati, na sakkoti, “saṇhena vā pharusena vā nivattāhī”ti vatvā vā pothetvā vā nivattāpetuṃ. kasmā? sarīrappaṭibaddhattā. evameva imesaṃ dasannaṃ kusalakammapathānaṃ āciṇṇasamāciṇṇakusalamūlikaṃ kāmāvacarādibhedaṃ kāyikacetasikasukhaṃ gatagataṭṭhāne anapāyinī chāyā viya hutvā na vijahatīti.

gāthāpariyosāne caturāsītiyā pāṇasahassānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi, maṭṭhakuṇḍalidevaputto sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi, tathā adinnapubbako brāhmaṇo. so tāvamahantaṃ vibhavaṃ buddhasāsane vippakirīti.

maṭṭhakuṇḍalīvatthu dutiyaṃ.